Being too young for his Golden Age appearances, and too old for his 70's revival, I never made a childhood connection to Captain Marvel.
My main reading about the character was via C.C. Beck's bitter rants in the Comics Journal; an artist with a lovely, simple, kid-friendly style, he hated the dynamic (hyperbolic, he'd say) approach of then-current comics. This put me off.
Too bad. It's a great concept: a boy, with a magic word, becomes a super-powered man. I'm not aware that the psychology of this was ever adressed directly, but it glows with Freudian light, so to speak.
Alan Moore's riff on the idea was one of his early flashes of dark genius. It still holds up. Oh, those raining body parts from the London sky!
The unjust DC comics lawsuit that destroyed the character for years is a stain on the legal system. But at least DC revived the character with respect and TLC.
Now Cap is 70, a Chip Kidd-designed coffe-table book is out, and Zack Smith has written a well-researched and sourced multi-part tribute/oral history over at Newsarama. He solicited tribute drawings, and the one above is mine. Click to enlarge.